SQL Server: извлечение метаданных таблицы (описание, поля и их типы данных)
Я пытаюсь найти способ извлечь информацию о моих таблицах в SQL Server (2008).
Данные мне нужно должен включать описание таблица (заполняется из свойства Description в окне свойств), a список полей таблицы и их типы данных.
есть ли способ извлечь такие метаданные? Я предполагаю, что я должен использовать некоторые sys sp, но я не уверен, какой из них.
14 ответов
чтобы получить данные описания, вам, к сожалению, придется использовать sysobjects / syscolumns для получения идентификаторов:
SELECT u.name + '.' + t.name AS [table],
td.value AS [table_desc],
c.name AS [column],
cd.value AS [column_desc]
FROM sysobjects t
INNER JOIN sysusers u
ON u.uid = t.uid
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties td
ON td.major_id = t.id
AND td.minor_id = 0
AND td.name = 'MS_Description'
INNER JOIN syscolumns c
ON c.id = t.id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties cd
ON cd.major_id = c.id
AND cd.minor_id = c.colid
AND cd.name = 'MS_Description'
WHERE t.type = 'u'
ORDER BY t.name, c.colorder
вы можете сделать это с помощью info-schema, но вам нужно будет объединить etc, чтобы вызвать OBJECT_ID () - так в чем же смысл?
общие сведения о таблицах и столбцах можно найти в этих таблицах:
select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
описание таблицы является расширенным свойством, вы можете запросить их из sys.extended_properties:
select
TableName = tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name,
TableDescription = prop.value,
ColumnName = col.column_name,
ColumnDataType = col.data_type
FROM information_schema.tables tbl
INNER JOIN information_schema.columns col
ON col.table_name = tbl.table_name
AND col.table_schema = tbl.table_schema
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties prop
ON prop.major_id = object_id(tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name)
AND prop.minor_id = 0
AND prop.name = 'MS_Description'
WHERE tbl.table_type = 'base table'
мне больше всего понравился ответ @Andomar, но мне также нужны были описания столбцов. Вот его запрос, измененный, чтобы включить их также. (Раскомментируйте последнюю часть предложения WHERE, чтобы вернуть только строки, где любое описание не является нулевым).
SELECT
TableName = tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name,
TableDescription = tableProp.value,
ColumnName = col.column_name,
ColumnDataType = col.data_type,
ColumnDescription = colDesc.ColumnDescription
FROM information_schema.tables tbl
INNER JOIN information_schema.columns col
ON col.table_name = tbl.table_name
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties tableProp
ON tableProp.major_id = object_id(tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name)
AND tableProp.minor_id = 0
AND tableProp.name = 'MS_Description'
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT sc.object_id, sc.column_id, sc.name, colProp.[value] AS ColumnDescription
FROM sys.columns sc
INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties colProp
ON colProp.major_id = sc.object_id
AND colProp.minor_id = sc.column_id
AND colProp.name = 'MS_Description'
) colDesc
ON colDesc.object_id = object_id(tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name)
AND colDesc.name = col.COLUMN_NAME
WHERE tbl.table_type = 'base table'
--AND tableProp.[value] IS NOT NULL OR colDesc.ColumnDescription IS NOT null
Использование Представлений Каталога Объектов:
SELECT T.NAME AS [TABLE NAME], C.NAME AS [COLUMN NAME], P.NAME AS [DATA TYPE], P.MAX_LENGTH AS[SIZE], CAST(P.PRECISION AS VARCHAR) +‘/’+ CAST(P.SCALE AS VARCHAR) AS [PRECISION/SCALE]
FROM ADVENTUREWORKS.SYS.OBJECTS AS T
JOIN ADVENTUREWORKS.SYS.COLUMNS AS C
ON T.OBJECT_ID=C.OBJECT_ID
JOIN ADVENTUREWORKS.SYS.TYPES AS P
ON C.SYSTEM_TYPE_ID=P.SYSTEM_TYPE_ID
WHERE T.TYPE_DESC=‘USER_TABLE’;
Использование Представлений Информационной Схемы
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, ORDINAL_POSITION,
COLUMN_DEFAULT, DATA_TYPE, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
NUMERIC_PRECISION, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX, NUMERIC_SCALE,
DATETIME_PRECISION
FROM ADVENTUREWORKS.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
Если вы вытягиваете свои запросы с помощью кода java, есть отличный класс, который можно использовать, ResultSetMetaData, который может извлекать имена столбцов и свойства столбцов (тип и длина).
пример
ResultSet rs = null;
rs = sql.executeQuery();
if (rs != null) {
if (rs.next()) {
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
for (int i = 1; i <= rsmd.getColumnCount(); i++) {
System.out.println("column name: "
+ rsmd.getColumnName(i));
System.out.println("column size: "
+ rsmd.getColumnDisplaySize(i));
}
}
в зависимости от того, сколько метаданных вы хотите, это работает для меня: где может быть все это, как Нортвинд?dbo.Продукты или просто продукты
SELECT c.name Field,
t.name Type,
c.Precision,
c.Scale,
c.is_nullable,
c.collation_name
FROM sys.columns c
INNER JOIN sys.types t ON t.system_type_id=c.system_type_id
WHERE object_id=object_id('<table to inspect>')
ORDER BY column_id
Я использую этот код SQL для получения всей информации о столбце.
SELECT
COL.COLUMN_NAME,
ORDINAL_POSITION,
DATA_TYPE,
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
NUMERIC_PRECISION,
NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX,
NUMERIC_SCALE,
DATETIME_PRECISION,
IS_NULLABLE,
CONSTRAINT_TYPE,
COLUMNPROPERTY(object_id(COL.TABLE_NAME), COL.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity') IS_IDENTITY,
COLUMNPROPERTY(object_id(COL.TABLE_NAME), COL.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsComputed') IS_COMPUTED
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS COL
LEFT OUTER JOIN
(
SELECT COLUMN_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE A
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS B
ON A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE A.TABLE_NAME = 'User'
) CONS
ON COL.COLUMN_NAME = CONS.COLUMN_NAME
WHERE COL.TABLE_NAME = 'User'
Если вы просто хотите просмотреть информацию удобным способом, SQL-запрос Red Gate может помочь.
при наведении указателя мыши на текст объекта в окне запроса SQL Prompt отобразит текст расширенного свойства MS_Description во всплывающей подсказке. При нажатии на подсказку откроется диалоговое окно, отображающее информацию о столбце, а также DDL объекта.
http://www.red-gate.com/products/sql-development/sql-prompt/
Если можно использовать .NET-код, я бы предложил использовать SMO:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms162169.aspx, в вашем конкретном случае это будет класс Tablehttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.table.aspx Это было бы более портативным решением, чем использование системных представлений и таблиц конкретной версии.
Если это то, что вы собираетесь использовать на регулярной основе - вы можете написать простой консольное приложение, возможно, с выполнения Т4 генератор кода http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee844259.aspx
Если это всего лишь одноразовая задача - вы можете использовать мои Livedoco's (http://www.livedoco.com ) экспорт в XML-функцию с дополнительным преобразованием XSLT или я уверен, что есть бесплатные инструменты, которые могут это сделать. Этот выглядит нормально:http://sqldbdoc.codeplex.com/ - поддерживает XML через XSLT, но я не уверен, что вы можете запустить его для выбор таблиц, хотя (с LiveDoco вы можете).
SELECT
sc.name AS ColumnName
,ep.*
FROM
sys.columns AS sc
INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties AS ep
ON ep.major_id = sc.[object_id]
AND ep.minor_id = sc.column_id
WHERE
--here put your desired table
sc.[object_id] = OBJECT_ID('[Northwind].[dbo].[Products]')
-- this is optional, remove this and you get all extended props
AND ep.name = 'MS_Description'
select Col.name Columnname,prop.Value Description, tbl.name Tablename, sch.name schemaname
from sys.columns col left outer join sys.extended_properties prop
on prop.major_id = col.object_id and prop.minor_id = col.column_id
inner join sys.tables tbl on col.object_id = tbl.object_id
Left outer join sys.schemas sch on sch.schema_id = tbl.schema_id
Я только что закончил библиотеку .net с несколькими полезными запросами, которые возвращают строго типизированные объекты C# для шаблонов кода gen/ t4.
/// <summary>
/// Get All Table Names
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<string> GetTableNames()
{
var sql = @"SELECT name
FROM dbo.sysobjects
WHERE xtype = 'U'
AND name <> 'sysdiagrams'
order by name asc";
return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<string>(
sql: sql))
.ToList();
}
/// <summary>
/// Get table info by schema and table or null for all
/// </summary>
/// <param name="schema"></param>
/// <param name="table"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<SqlTableInfo> GetTableInfo(string schema = null, string table = null)
{
var result = new List<SqlTableInfo>();
var sql = @"SELECT
c.TABLE_CATALOG AS [TableCatalog]
, c.TABLE_SCHEMA AS [Schema]
, c.TABLE_NAME AS [TableName]
, c.COLUMN_NAME AS [ColumnName]
, c.ORDINAL_POSITION AS [OrdinalPosition]
, c.COLUMN_DEFAULT AS [ColumnDefault]
, c.IS_NULLABLE AS [Nullable]
, c.DATA_TYPE AS [DataType]
, c.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS [CharacterMaxLength]
, c.CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH AS [CharacterOctetLenth]
, c.NUMERIC_PRECISION AS [NumericPrecision]
, c.NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX AS [NumericPrecisionRadix]
, c.NUMERIC_SCALE AS [NumericScale]
, c.DATETIME_PRECISION AS [DatTimePrecision]
, c.CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG AS [CharacterSetCatalog]
, c.CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA AS [CharacterSetSchema]
, c.CHARACTER_SET_NAME AS [CharacterSetName]
, c.COLLATION_CATALOG AS [CollationCatalog]
, c.COLLATION_SCHEMA AS [CollationSchema]
, c.COLLATION_NAME AS [CollationName]
, c.DOMAIN_CATALOG AS [DomainCatalog]
, c.DOMAIN_SCHEMA AS [DomainSchema]
, c.DOMAIN_NAME AS [DomainName]
, IsPrimaryKey = CONVERT(BIT, (SELECT
COUNT(*)
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc
, INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE cu
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
AND tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME = cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND tc.TABLE_NAME = c.TABLE_NAME
AND cu.TABLE_SCHEMA = c.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND cu.COLUMN_NAME = c.COLUMN_NAME)
)
, IsIdentity = CONVERT(BIT, (SELECT
COUNT(*)
FROM sys.objects obj
INNER JOIN sys.COLUMNS col
ON obj.object_id = col.object_id
WHERE obj.type = 'U'
AND obj.Name = c.TABLE_NAME
AND col.Name = c.COLUMN_NAME
AND col.is_identity = 1)
)
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
WHERE (@Schema IS NULL
OR c.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema)
AND (@TableName IS NULL
OR c.TABLE_NAME = @TableName)
";
var columns = databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlColumnInfo>(
sql: sql,
param: new { Schema = schema, TableName = table },
commandType: CommandType.Text)
.ToList());
var refs = this.GetReferentialConstraints(table: table, schema: schema);
foreach (var tableName in columns.Select(info => info.TableName).Distinct())
{
var tableColumns = columns.Where(info => info.TableName == tableName).ToList();
var children = refs.Where(c => c.UniqueTableName == tableName).ToList();
var parents = refs.Where(c => c.TableName == tableName).ToList();
result.Add(new SqlTableInfo
{
TableName = tableName,
Columns = tableColumns,
ChildConstraints = children,
ParentConstraints = parents
});
}
return result;
}
public List<SqlReferentialConstraint> GetReferentialConstraints(string table = null, string schema = null)
{
//https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa175805%28v=sql.80%29.aspx
//https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/Aa175805.312ron1%28l=en-us,v=sql.80%29.jpg
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186778.aspx
var sql = @"
SELECT
KCU1.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS [ConstraintName]
, KCU1.TABLE_NAME AS [TableName]
, KCU1.COLUMN_NAME AS [ColumnName]
, KCU2.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS [UniqueConstraintName]
, KCU2.TABLE_NAME AS [UniqueTableName]
, KCU2.COLUMN_NAME AS [UniqueColumnName]
, RC.MATCH_OPTION AS [MatchOption]
, RC.UPDATE_RULE AS [UpdateRule]
, RC.DELETE_RULE AS [DeleteRule]
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS RC
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE KCU1 ON KCU1.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = RC.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = RC.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE KCU2 ON KCU2.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
AND KCU2.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
AND KCU2.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE KCU1.ORDINAL_POSITION = KCU2.ORDINAL_POSITION
AND (@Table IS NULL
OR KCU1.TABLE_NAME = @Table
OR KCU2.TABLE_NAME = @Table)
AND (@Schema IS NULL
OR KCU1.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema
OR KCU2.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema)
";
return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlReferentialConstraint>(
sql: sql,
param: new { Table = table, Schema = schema },
commandType: CommandType.Text))
.ToList();
}
/// <summary>
/// Get Primary Key Column by schema and table name
/// </summary>
/// <param name="schema"></param>
/// <param name="tableName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string GetPrimaryKeyColumnName(string schema, string tableName)
{
var sql = @"SELECT
B.COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS A
, INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE B
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
AND A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND A.TABLE_NAME = @TableName
AND A.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema";
return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<string>(
sql: sql,
param: new { TableName = tableName, Schema = schema },
commandType: CommandType.Text))
.SingleOrDefault();
}
/// <summary>
/// Get Identity Column by table name
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tableName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string GetIdentityColumnName(string tableName)
{
var sql = @"SELECT
c.Name
FROM sys.objects o
INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON o.object_id = c.object_id
WHERE o.type = 'U'
AND c.is_identity = 1
AND o.Name = @TableName";
return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<string>(
sql: sql,
param: new { TableName = tableName },
commandType: CommandType.Text))
.SingleOrDefault();
}
/// <summary>
/// Get All Stored Procedures by schema
/// </summary>
/// <param name="schema"></param>
/// <param name="procName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<SqlStoredProcedureInfo> GetStoredProcedureInfo(string schema = null, string procName = null)
{
var result = new List<SqlStoredProcedureInfo>();
var sql = @"SELECT
SPECIFIC_NAME AS [Name]
, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA AS [Schema]
, Created AS [Created]
, LAST_ALTERED AS [LastAltered]
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES
WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE = 'PROCEDURE'
AND (SPECIFIC_SCHEMA = @Schema
OR @Schema IS NULL)
AND (SPECIFIC_NAME = @ProcName
OR @ProcName IS NULL)
AND ((SPECIFIC_NAME NOT LIKE 'sp_%'
AND SPECIFIC_NAME NOT LIKE 'procUtils_GenerateClass'
AND (SPECIFIC_SCHEMA = @Schema
OR @Schema IS NULL))
OR SPECIFIC_SCHEMA <> @Schema)";
var sprocs = databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlStoredProcedureInfo>(
sql: sql,
param: new { Schema = schema, ProcName = procName },
commandType: CommandType.Text).ToList());
foreach (var s in sprocs)
{
s.Parameters = GetStoredProcedureInputParameters(sprocName: s.Name, schema: schema);
s.ResultColumns = GetColumnInfoFromStoredProcResult(storedProcName: s.Name, schema: schema);
result.Add(s);
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Get Column info from Stored procedure result set
/// </summary>
/// <param name="schema"></param>
/// <param name="storedProcName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<DataColumn> GetColumnInfoFromStoredProcResult(string schema, string storedProcName)
{
//this one actually needs to use the dataset because it has the only accurate information about columns and if they can be null or not.
var sb = new StringBuilder();
if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(schema))
{
sb.Append(String.Format("exec [{0}].[{1}] ", schema, storedProcName));
}
else
{
sb.Append(String.Format("exec [{0}] ", storedProcName));
}
var prms = GetStoredProcedureInputParameters(schema, storedProcName);
var count = 1;
foreach (var param in prms)
{
sb.Append(String.Format("{0}=null", param.Name));
if (count < prms.Count)
{
sb.Append(", ");
}
count++;
}
var ds = new DataSet();
using (var sqlConnection = (SqlConnection)databaseWrapper.GetOpenDbConnection())
{
using (var sqlAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(sb.ToString(), sqlConnection))
{
if (sqlConnection.State != ConnectionState.Open) sqlConnection.Open();
sqlAdapter.SelectCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SchemaOnly);
sqlConnection.Close();
sqlAdapter.FillSchema(ds, SchemaType.Source, "MyTable");
}
}
var list = new List<DataColumn>();
if (ds.Tables.Count > 0)
{
list = ds.Tables["MyTable"].Columns.Cast<DataColumn>().ToList();
}
return list;
}
/// <summary>
/// Get the input parameters for a stored procedure
/// </summary>
/// <param name="schema"></param>
/// <param name="sprocName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<SqlParameterInfo> GetStoredProcedureInputParameters(string schema = null, string sprocName = null)
{
var sql = @"SELECT
SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) AS [Schema]
, P.Name AS Name
, @ProcName AS ProcedureName
, TYPE_NAME(P.user_type_id) AS [ParameterDataType]
, P.max_length AS [MaxLength]
, P.Precision AS [Precision]
, P.Scale AS Scale
, P.has_default_value AS HasDefaultValue
, P.default_value AS DefaultValue
, P.object_id AS ObjectId
, P.parameter_id AS ParameterId
, P.system_type_id AS SystemTypeId
, P.user_type_id AS UserTypeId
, P.is_output AS IsOutput
, P.is_cursor_ref AS IsCursor
, P.is_xml_document AS IsXmlDocument
, P.xml_collection_id AS XmlCollectionId
, P.is_readonly AS IsReadOnly
FROM sys.objects AS SO
INNER JOIN sys.parameters AS P ON SO.object_id = P.object_id
WHERE SO.object_id IN (SELECT
object_id
FROM sys.objects
WHERE type IN ('P', 'FN'))
AND (SO.Name = @ProcName
OR @ProcName IS NULL)
AND (SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) = @Schema
OR @Schema IS NULL)
ORDER BY P.parameter_id ASC";
var result = databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlParameterInfo>(
sql: sql,
param: new { Schema = schema, ProcName = sprocName },
commandType: CommandType.Text))
.ToList();
return result;
}
зацени вот это:
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA ,
TABLE_NAME ,
COLUMN_NAME ,
ORDINAL_POSITION ,
COLUMN_DEFAULT ,
DATA_TYPE ,
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH ,
NUMERIC_PRECISION ,
NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX ,
NUMERIC_SCALE ,
DATETIME_PRECISION
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
where TABLE_SCHEMA in ('dbo','meta')
and table_name in (select name from sys.tables)
order by TABLE_SCHEMA , TABLE_NAME ,ORDINAL_POSITION
